Enhancing Biocontrol of Harmful Algae Blooms: Seasonal Variation in Allelopathic Capacity of Myriophyllum aquaticum

Myriophyllum aquaticum has shown potential allelopathic effects for the biocontrol of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. However, composition allelochemicals their biological may be influenced by seasonal changes. In this study, we investigated impact aqueous extracts M. collected in different seasons on growth Microcystis aeruginosa concentration microcystin-LR. Plant samples were extracted using ultrasound cycles solutions, at varying concentrations (0.1, 10, 100 mg/L) a control treatment inoculated with aeruginosa, cell was analyzed Neubauer chamber. Photosynthetic pigment quantification used to measure physiological liquid chromatography evaluate microcystin-LR concentrations. The plants during autumn winter exhibited higher inhibition reduction photosynthetic pigments compared those spring summer. These results can explained presence phenolic compounds from winter. Microcystin-LR decreased 10 mg/L, highest efficiency observed autumn, while showed lower efficiency. Our findings suggest that have inhibitory particularly season, making them promising nature-based solution harmful algal blooms.